Snow Flower and the Secret Fan Essay Example for Free

Snow Flower and the Secret Fan Essay Laotong: type of relationship within the Chinese culture that bonded two girls together for eternity as kindred sisters. Lisa See’s novel, â€Å"Snow Flower and the Secret Fan†, takes us through the journey of 19th- century Chine in which girls had their feet found, meaning crushing their bones to the size of lily flowers. This ritual was considered beauty for a women and a thrilling sensation for men to look at. Staring the binding at the age of six and excruciating painful process that took two years to complete, Lily tells her story as an eighty year old woman. Lily was the second daughter to a poor farming family, but later encounters the privilege to be married out to a wealthy family in the village of Tongkou. Lily was married out to a wealthy noble man, whom she might have loved. But Lily had no bigger love other than her laotong, sworn sister, Snow Flower. The two were matched together at the age of seven, when together they promised each other, through a contract that they would always be laotong. Both endured the agony of footbinding, married out and shared their most inner thoughts and loving ways of motherhood. Lisa See writes delicately, telling the life of these two remarkable girls on their journey to pleasing their husbands, and mother in laws. Love and Friendship keep Snow Flower’s and Lily’s spirits alive when they are not together. Once married out, they didn’t see each other as often as they would have loved to, but their thoughts were jotted down in a silk fan, which included their whole journey together written in nu shu-secret writing for women. Lily and Snow Flower become â€Å"old same†, perfect match. Even though Snow Flower came from a higher family , Snow Flower was married out to a butcher, her first son was weak, and her second passed away. Her husband beats her and her mother in law was cruel. Hoping sympathy from her laotong, Snow Flower gets criticism and â€Å"just keep trying† in return. As Snow Flower arouses new friends, Lily finds this as betrayal; therefore Lily stops any communication with Snow Flower, leaving her devastated, and empty. Even though Lily and Snow Flower experienced happiness, tragedies, and different events, Lily felt betrayed by her laotong so Lily keeps her distance and stops writing back. As Snow Flower’s death approaches Lily goes to Snow Flower and rejoins her, later discovering that Snow Flower did not become a sworn sister, like Lily thought, therefore there was no betrayal. As and eighty year old, Lily remembers Snow Flower. Trying to condemn her mistake Lily watches over Snow Flower’s children, as much as she can like she promised Snow Flower on her death bed. Lily calls out to Snow Flower even after she is dead. â€Å"But if the dead continue to have the needs and desire of the living, then I’m reaching out to Snow Flower†¦. Please hear my words. Please forgive me. † Snow Flower and the Secret Fan keeps the story plot alive, maintaining the theme of love and friendship, always feeling like you are reading Lily’s personal diary. Reading Snow Flower and the Secret Fan, Lisa See does a remarkable job of taking you back in time to your childhood friends. I wonder if Lisa See wrote Snow Flower and the Secret Fan thinking of a close friend as well. Also, I would have loved if somewhere in the book, an entry or a piece of writing from Snow Flower was discovered so we can learn more about her own inner thoughts. In my opinion, this book is full of perfection. Throughout the book I recalled my sister. The bond that we share was very similar to the one of these â€Å"mandarin ducks†. What if Snow Flower’s father had not taken the pipe? Would she and Lily still be matched as soul sisters? Lisa See’s style of writing is a master piece in this book. Like The Washington Post Book World reviewed, â€Å" A triumph on every level, a beautiful, heartbreaking story. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan fascinated me. I recommend this book for the soul that understands what it feels like to love someone as much as you love yourself. Filled with different emotions that make you feel and experience the different obstacles that are brought upon Lily and Snow Flower. It is defiantly a love story. However, it is more than that. It involves friendship, kindness, understanding, and tragedy all in one read. â€Å"Snow Flower and the Secret Fan is fascinating. †- The Indianapolis Star.

Privatization Essay -- Government Businesses Papers

Privatization Privatizing services is a more attractive option for most local governments and is widely practiced around the state. There are certain government services in which it is impractical to create a free competitive market. For others, it is almost impossible to predict the potential success or failure of privatization. These unclear predictions make privatization a very complicated issue for local governments. The combination of rapidly rising service costs and slowly increasing revenues has led officials in some cities and counties to use non-traditional income services to fund government options. Throughout the mid 1980's state and local governments continue to be in trouble because of the rapid increase in the demand for services they provide along with an increasing resistance on the part of their citizens to raising taxes in order to provide those services. Privitization is an outsourcing of functions to private companies that the financial burdern of providing these services shifts from the taxpayers at large to the individual consumers. Doing away with government services at the local level is almost impossible. Elected officials are often resistant to vote to cut services. The elected officials are usually familiar with the people who might be negatively impacted by such an action. Citizens usually do not want to do away with local government services because they view services such as water/sewer, fire , police and recreation as being life sustaining. Citizens feel that services can't be provided adequately by state or federal governments, and would like to keep services at the local level. A factor to keep in mind when looking at the potentials and downfalls of privatization is the private... ...ion/BURZASH.htm. Privatization on the Roll, says RPPI http://www.reason.org/apr98central.html The Opportunities and Challenges of Privatization http://www.doe.gov/privatization/report/chapt-3.htm The Opportunities and Challenges of Privatization http://www.doe.gov/privatization/report/chapt-4.htm The Legal and Political Enviornment of Privatization http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/pgem/ch1c.html ASCH, Peter, and Sececa, Rosalind S. Government and the Marketplace 2nd Edition. The Dryden Press, a division of Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1989 Weicher, John Private Innovations In Public Transit. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public policy Research, 1988 Krikorian, Greg and Riccardi, Nicholas Board Votes to Test Privatizing Child Support System. Los Angeles Times, November 11, 1988.

Fukushima Informative Speech

Purpose: To inform the audience about the heroic actions of the Fukushima Daiichi cleanup workers. Thesis: The Fukushima Daiichi cleanup workers are incredibly brave. Introduction: The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster was the largest nuclear disaster since Chernobyl. It measured 7 on the Nuclear Event Scale, which is the highest rating. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster was initiated by a magnitude 9 earthquake. This earthquake caused a tsunami with waves reaching up to 133 feet to crash on the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. This caused major damage to the nuclear plant. Workers were needed to keep this already terrible incident from escalading. The Fukushima Daiichi cleanup workers are incredibly brave. Today, I would like to tell you about the bravery of the Fukushima 50, the Skilled Veterans Corps, and the Fukushima Firefighters. Body: 1)The Fukushima 50 are a group of 50 workers who remained to clean up the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant a. The name â€Å"Fukushima 50† was created by the media honoring these workers i. It was an endearing name given to these brave men who stayed behind to defuse the nuclear meltdown. II. These men knew the dangers, but they stayed in order to protect the public from this nuclear disaster. iii. One unnamed man said, â€Å"We felt like members of the Tokkotai. † (BBC) b. The Fukushima 50 inspired bravery in other people as well i. Days after these brave workers volunteered, nearby companies sent in more volunteers to help the Fukushima 50. ii. Companies such as Toshiba, Hitachi, Yokohama, Kawasaki, and many others sent in teams of volunteers to help out 1. These workers did jobs such as spraying water to cool the reactor cores, decontamination, installing water pumps and many other crucial jobs. ii. The combined effort of all these workers helped the situation from getting worse and protected the public from the radiation Transition 1: The efforts of the Fukushima 50 inspired a group of Japanese’s seniors dubbed the suicide corps to volunteer. 2)The group of Japanese seniors called the Skilled Veterans Corps decided to volunteer in an effort to replac e some of the younger workers a. The Skilled Veterans Corps is a group of 250 people over the age of 60 who are willing to volunteer. i. Their idea simple, since they are old, they will not live to see the harmful long-term effects of the radiation. They want to work instead of the younger generation to prevent them from being exposed to these high levels of radiation. b. The media starting calling these men the suicide corps but they reject this nickname and prefer to go by The Skilled Veteran Corps. i. The name â€Å"Suicide Corps† is a play on the Kamikazes from World War II however, they say it is not suicide since they will not live to see the effects of the radiation. ii. Yasuteru Yamada, a member of the Skilled Veterans Corps, said to CNN, â€Å"We have to work instead of them; Elders have less sensitivity to radiation. (CNN) iii. These members of the Skilled Veterans Corps are brave and selfless. Transition 2: The Skilled Veterans Corps were brave and selfless and the Fukushima firefighters shared these attributes. 3)The Fukushima Firefighters are the brave men who helped defuse the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. a. Fresh water was a key necessity to cool down the nuclear reactor cores. i. Without fresh water, the core would overheat and explode causing more damage and spread the radiation further. ii. Tokyo fire departments elite Hyper Rescue Squad was specially trained for situations like this. 1. These firefighters braved the radiation in order to help cool down the cores b. The members of the Hyper Rescue Squad had to leave there family’s behind in order to combat the nuclear disaster. i. Yasuhiro Ishii’s, a member of the Hyper Rescue Squad, wife asked him if he really had to go to Fukushima and begged him not too. ii. However Ishii said, â€Å"†Normally, a mission involves saving a limited number of people, but this was something much bigger. It involved not only the helping the entire nation but also future generations. I had to go. † (Telegraph UK) Conclusion: Today I have spoken to you all about bravery of the Fukushima 50, the Skilled Veterans Corps, and the Fukushima Firefighters. These Brave men have risked it all in order to clean up and decontaminate the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster. They did this so that the public would be saved from the radiation and so that future generations would not have to bear he harmful effects of radiations. These men deserve our respect and graditude

The 6 dimensions of Religion - 2472 Words

1. Ninian Smart has established 6 dimensions or structures in a way to find a common ground between all world religions. These are classified into the thought, mind, dimensions which are the experiential, mythical, and doctrinal dimension, and then the multi-sensory dimensions which are the ritual, ethical and social dimensions. The experiential dimension is the religious experience. People come to know their religion, their God or the ultimate reality through experience. According to Smart, there are different types of religious experience. The numinous experience is having God or the subject as holy and very other than our human condition. On the other side, the mystical experience is having the subject be inside the object, the inner†¦show more content†¦It can also be internal expression which is done very much in Buddhism and Hinduism with meditation and personal connection with the Buddha, and the separation from the earth to find the ultimate truth. The Ethical dimension is mainly about the customs and morals in a religion. Religion has a way of telling its people how to live a good life to attain the ultimate goal. Ethics is shaped by customs and cultures but there are some common ethical problems and responses that are common in the world. Religious ethics are actions towards the God or ultimate reality which accepts moral truth. In the view of economic justice and the critique of materialism each religion may have their own ethics. Buddhism and Christianity find a middle way between what is needed and what is enough with what one should have. The Muslims say that what is equitable is not equal and Hinduism says everything is due to karma. Buddhism states that wealth is not the answer and one should find a mid-way between self indulgence and self devotion. Daoism says to go with the how and the restraints. The Social dimension deals with society and to what extent religion reflects or creates society. Most religions rise out of chaos and chaotic times through a founder which then establishes laws which are then preserved and a polarity is created through time, the division of ideas when finally after time there is a call to return to tradition. The power religionShow MoreRelatedThe Search For God, Ancient Egypt, By Jan Assmann1016 Words   |  5 Pagesspecific practices and technical beliefs of Egyptian religion, though the latter is also heavily discussed to better elaborate on the former’s context. The first chapter â€Å"Religion: Divine Presence and Transcendence† establishes the topic of this book, summarizing the theme of ‘divine presence’ and the concept of a single god and multiple gods (essentially monotheism vs polytheism). Divided into 2 main parts, the first, aptly named â€Å"The Dimensions of Divine Presence: The Implicit Theology of EgyptianRead MoreThe Islamic Religion And Islam1301 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"These three religions, Judaism, Christianity and, Islam, all support a peaceful world and advocate peace in their main teachings and sacred texts.† (Mt Alvernia Task sheet) There are more than three religions in the world but these three religions are some of the main religions that profoundly support this statement. The Islamic religion is often portrayed by the Western media as a violent religion that does not teach or believe in interfaith or world peace, however through an interfaith understandingRead MoreThe Problem, Solution , And Technique1112 Words   |  5 Pageswith those of another eastern religion of your choice. For Buddhism, the problem is suffering, the solution is nirvana, and the technique for achieving nirvana is the Noble Eightfold Path. For Hinduism, the problem is samsara, the solution is moksha, liberation from samsara. The various yoga’s are the techniques. 2. Is the presence of an ethical dimension a basic requirement for a system of thought to be considered a religion? Why or why not? Ethical dimension are the key elements, values andRead MoreHofstedes Cultural Dimensions Comparison1160 Words   |  5 PagesHofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Comparison When a business decides to venture internationally into different countries with its products, services, and operations, it is very important that the company gains an understanding of how the culture of the different societies affects the values found in those societies. Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most famous and most used studies on how culture relates to values. Hofstede study enabled him to compare dimensions of culture across 40 countries.Read MoreKey Pillar Of A Competitive And Growing Economy Essay1066 Words   |  5 Pageslevel of RD increases, the capital stock of a nation also increases (Griffith, 2000). Therefore, RD leads to innovation and innovation leads to economic growth. While considering how RD impacts economic growth, this report will add the dimension of â€Å"national culture† to the RD level/innovation. By taking the United States (US) as its home country and analysing the RD levels and cultures of two host countries: Japan and Germany, this report will point out the relations between NationalRead MoreRelationship Between Religion And Spirituality1536 Words   |  7 PagesBibliography -1 Data from the American Medical Association Physician Master file was used to examine the ways in which psychiatrists’ and other physicians observe, and interpret the relationship between religion and spirituality and in clinical approaches. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the authors examined the comparison of psychiatrists to other physicians to evaluate different religious and demographic characteristics. This study was conducted in the form of surveys in whichRead MoreGermany- Hofstede Analysis Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesthings may be appealing to a firm, but an expanding company may discover complexities expanding into Germany, because â€Å"[w]hen you step into a foreign culture, suddenly things seem different. You don’t know what to do or say.† ( Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions). â€Å"If your organization is planning to conduct business with [Germany], potential success depends upon a good understanding of [German] cultureâ⠂¬  (Doing Business in Switzerland, 1). This quote is a good advice for entering into any country. GermanyRead MoreEssay about Eth 125 Diversity Worksheet611 Words   |  3 Pagesmany times people think diverity is just about race and culture, but there wrong. Diversity includes different dimensions Loden and Rosener (1991) Describe two major dimensions which are primary and secondary. Primary dimensions generally states things that we cannot change which would be like age, race, ethnicity, gender, physicakl qualities, and sexual orientation. Secondary dimensions will include things such as income,education, religious beliefs, military experiece, geographic location, parentalRead MoreThe Differences Between Our Culture And That Of Saudi Arabia1734 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween our culture and that of Saudi Arabia. In the report, there would be further explanation of the differences of cultures pertaining to religion and general way of communicating. Furthermore, the report would be used as a learning tool, by describing the sensitivity and actions around the different categories of cultural awareness, cultural collision, using religion as a cultural stabilizer, culture shock and the ability to adjust. Once the study is completed I will make a recommendations for the teamRead MoreRalph Waldo Emerson And Henry David Thoreau Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesA huge dimension of our wellness and culture as humans, our spirituality, is affected by nature. Nature, in its grandeur, has inspired theological thought in many people. A particular movement in history that exemplified this was Transcendentalism. Two particularly famous transcendentalists were Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Ralph Waldo Emerson’s renowned essay, â€Å"Nature† demonstrates the transcendentalists’ fascination with the natural world and their belief in its divinity. A fantastic

Shah Jahan - Mughal Emperor of India

From the often chaotic and fratricidal court of Indias Mughal Empire sprang perhaps the worlds most beautiful and serene monument to love - the Taj Mahal.  Its designer was the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan himself, a complex man whose life ended in tragic circumstances. Early Life The child who would become Shah Jahan was born on March 4, 1592, in Lahore, now in Pakistan. His parents were Prince Jahangir and his wife Manmati, a Rajput princess who was called Bilquis Makani in the Mughal court. The baby was Jahangirs third son. He was named Ala Azad Abul Muzaffar Shahab ud-Din Muhammad Khurram, or Khurram for short. As a child, Khurram was a particular favorite of his grandfather, Emperor Akbar the Great, who personally oversaw the little princes education. Khurram studied warfare, the Koran, poetry, music, and other subjects suitable for a Mughal prince. In 1605, the 13-year-old prince refused to leave his grandfathers side as Akbar lay dying, despite the potential threat from his fathers rivals for the throne. Jahangir succeeded to the throne, after crushing an uprising led by one of his other sons, Khurrams half-brother. The incident brought Jahangir and Khurram closer; in 1607, the emperor awarded his third son the fiefdom of Hissar-Feroza, which court observers took to mean that 15-year-old Khurram was now the heir apparent. Also in 1607, Prince Khurram was engaged to marry Arjumand Banu Begum, the 14-year-old daughter of a Persian nobleman. Their wedding did not take place until five years later, and Khurram would marry two other women in the meantime, but Arjumand was his true love. She later became known as Mumtaz Mahal - The Chosen One of the Palace. Khurram dutifully sired a son by each of his other wives, and then neglected them almost entirely. He and Mumtaz Mahal had 14 children, seven of whom survived to adulthood. When descendants of the Lodi Empire rose up on the Deccan Plateau in 1617, Emperor Jahangir sent Prince Khurram to deal with the problem. The prince soon put down the rebellion, so his father granted him the name Shah Jahan, meaning Glory of the World. Their close relationship broke down, however, over court intrigues by Jahangirs Afghan wife, Nur Jahan, who wanted Shah Jahans youngest brother to be Jahangirs heir.   In 1622, with relations at their zenith, Shah Jahan went to war against his father. Jahangirs army defeated Shah Jahans after a four-year fight; the prince surrendered unconditionally. When Jahangir died just one year later, in 1627, Shah Jahan became the Emperor of Mughal India. Emperor Shah Jahan As soon as he took the throne, Shah Jahan ordered his stepmother Nur Jahan imprisoned and his half-brothers executed, in order to secure his seat. Shah Jahan faced challenges and uprisings all around the edges of his empire, as well. He proved equal to the challenges from Sikhs and Rajputs in the north and west, and from the Portuguese in Bengal. However, the death of his beloved Mumtaz Mahal in 1631 nearly shattered the emperor. Mumtaz died at the age of thirty-eight after giving birth to her 14th child, a girl named Gauhara Begum. At the time of her death, Mumtaz was in the Deccan with Shah Jahan on a military campaign, despite her condition. The distraught emperor reportedly went into seclusion for an entire year  and was only coaxed out of mourning by his and Mumtazs eldest daughter, Jahanara Begum. Legend says that when he emerged, the forty-year-old emperors hair had turned white. He was determined to build his empress the most magnificent tomb the world had ever known. It took the next twenty years of his reign, but Shah Jahan planned, designed, and oversaw the construction of the Taj Mahal, the worlds most famous and beautiful mausoleum. Made of white marble inlaid with Jasper and agates, the Taj is decorated with Koranic verses in lovely calligraphy. The building occupied 20,000 workers over the course of two decades, including craftsmen from far-off Baghdad and Bukhara, and cost 32 million rupees. In the meantime, Shah Jahan began to rely increasingly on his son Aurangzeb, who proved an effective military leader and an Islamic fundamentalist from a young age. In 1636, Shah Jahan appointed him viceroy of the troublesome Deccan; Aurangzeb was just 18. Two years later, Shah Jahan and his sons took the city of Kandahar, now in Afghanistan, from the Safavid Empire. This sparked on-going strife with the Persians, who recaptured the city in 1649. Shah Jahan fell ill in 1658  and appointed his and Mumtaz Mahals eldest son Dara Shikoh as his regent. Daras three younger brothers immediately rose up against him and marched on the capital at Agra.  Aurangzeb defeated Dara and his other brothers  and took the throne. Shah Jahan then recovered from his illness, but Aurangzeb declared him unfit to rule and had him locked up in the Agra Fort for the rest of his life. Shah Jahan spent his last eight years gazing out the window at the Taj Mahal, attended by his daughter Jahanara Begum. On January 22, 1666, Shah Jahan died at the age of 74. He was interred in the Taj Mahal, beside his beloved Mumtaz Mahal.

By The End Of The Twenties, The Economic Prosperity And

By the end of the twenties, the economic prosperity and development of the culture of mass consumption were replaced by the worst economic crisis in American history. The Great Depression, which began in the US, brought massive unemployment and decline in a production. After the unsuccessful attempt by Herbert Hoover to bring the country s economy out of the crisis, the newly elected president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, encouraged by optimism, began to legislate an improvised series of reforms and relief measures that were united by goals of relief, reform, and recovery. These reforms came to be called the New Deal. The New Deal had a significant effect on the United States’ economy, society, and political culture. However, not all†¦show more content†¦The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), which was a part of the First New Deal, caused this effect. The influence of it expressed in the following: the Agricultural Adjustment Administration raised total fa rm income, established parity prices based on the prices of prosperous years for basic farm commodities, and subsidized farmers for reducing acreage or otherwise cutting production where surpluses existed. However, the effect of AAA did not last long. In early 1936, ruling in Butler v. the United States, the Court invalidated the AAA, declaring it an unconstitutional attempt at regulating agriculture. The New Deal also had a set of long-term effects. They were mostly based on the social changes and not on the reforming the economy or challenging the tenet of Capitalism. Moreover, the programs that caused those effects were fundamentally criticized because of their socialistic directions. The pension program of the Social Security Act had a long-term effect of security for the most vulnerable groups within the society. The act offered workers age 65 or older monthly stipends based on previous earnings; in addition, it provided assistance to blind and handicapped Americans and dependent children who did not have a wage-earning parent. Another part of the long-term security effect provided by the Social Security Act were the security jobs on the labor market,Show MoreRelatedWorld War I And The Great War1196 Words   |  5 Pagesbloodiest wars of all time. It was a war sparked by militarism, alliance, imperialism, and nationalism. However it’s affliction laid the groundwork for post war prosperity. Nearly all social classes felt its benefits. Workers rights improved, taxes were lowered, technology advanced, and industry boomed. The war was brutal and the roaring twenties were a chance for the United States to put the past behind and enjoy the fruits of a new culture and a thriving economy. Post WW1 American society advancementsRead MoreThemes Of The Twenties In The Great Gatsby1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe great Gatsby was regarded as a brilliant source of social commentary of the roaring twenties- a time period of wealth, excitement, and economic boom. Much like the characters and the settings of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, the twenties are a time when people thought they had the American dream. Fitzgerald provides a superb source of commentary on society and the economic standpoint of America in the twenties, and for this reason, the reader can infer much about the book, from the period, andRead MoreAdvancements During The Roaring Twentie s Essay527 Words   |  3 PagesThe twenties in the United States are thought to be full of prosperity, music, dancing, and happiness. The 1920’s are often referred to as the â€Å"roaring twenties,† but many histories purpose that this is not a correct interpretation of this time period. America may have not been good for the some of the lower class in this time period, but the 1920’s were fantastic for most of the middle and upper class living in urban cities. The advantages of this time period did outweigh the bad, which is whyRead MorePoverty Of Poverty1038 Words   |  5 PagesWorld economies and infrastructures have grown to heights never achieved in man’s history, allowing the majority of the world to experience prosperity. So why does poverty still exist, and can it ever be truly eradicated? For the majority of human history people have been consistently plagued with disease, hunger, thirst, and many other dire ailments. However, within the la st two-hundred and fifty years these impediments have become decreasingly common. Furthering scientific research and the developmentRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1389 Words   |  6 PagesRoaring Twenties of America The Roaring Twenties era was a time of not only of crime, changing action and roles of women, but also of many other different social and cultural trends. The 1920s was the Progressive era that was a response to the Gilded Age. The Progressive era was filled with many reformers that aimed to reform the social issues like the women’s movement who had started a temperance movement to prohibit people from drinking. The 1920s was also a time of a social gap where the wealthyRead MoreThe Economic Bill Of Rights888 Words   |  4 Pageshistorical documents is the Economic Bill of Rights, which is also known as the Second Bill of Rights. This document is especially important for the modern American during the current recession. It is an extremely reliable account of the past, requiring a historian to approach it with the knowledge that it was written immediately before World War II (thus understanding the economy of the time and the reasons behind this document’s creation) , and remains applicable to the twenty-first century economyRead MoreThe Essence Of The 1920 S1659 Words   |  7 PagesThe Essence of the 1920’s in The Great Gatsby â€Å"The Roaring Twenties was the period of great American prosperity which was built on shaky foundations.† For decades, the 1920’s have been interpreted as a period of economic prosperity and social change in which the novel The Great Gatsby was born. In the early 1920’s, the United States experienced a period of immense reorganization of social and economical life; therefore, this post- World War I era became referred to as â€Å"The Roaring 20’s†, â€Å"The JazzRead MoreCinderella Man And The Great Depression991 Words   |  4 PagesThe Nineteen Twenties were an alluring, yet laborious, time for The United States as the country faced the Roaring Twenties, Great Depression and New Deal. Before the Great Depression, the United States have been a time of prosperity and originality. Products were affordable and Americans were living comfortably. Once Nineteen Twenty Nine arrived, the stock market had crashed, unemployment was at a new high, and millions of citizens were losing great deals of money. Fortunately, the New Deal, createdRead MoreIreland and Irish Immigration, 1920 to 1930854 Words   |  3 Pagessigned between Ireland and Britain in December of 1921 and Home Rule finally established for most of the Irish isle (Ferriter, n.d.). At the same time, this new society did not lead to instant prosperity, and indeed poverty remained a major and growing problem in Ireland during this decade (Ferriter, n.d.). Economic and social problems that persisted during this decade certainly could have been pushes to increased immigration. Clearly, a large portion of the turmoil experienced during this type couldRead MoreResearch Paper: Roaring Twenties1537 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper: Roaring Twenties After World War 1, America had to demobilize and revert back to a peace time economy. During the 1920’s, it was viewed as a prosperous economy since there was a new labor force due to demobilization, new inventions, and a new infrastructure. Also moral spirits were high since America along with the Allied Powers defeated Germany and the Great War was finally over. However, America began making many economic policies and decisions that will eventually lead up to

HRM In Organisational Efficiency And Effectiveness †Free Samples

Question: How HRM Contributes To Organisational Efficiency And Effectiveness? Answer: Introduction Human resource management is often related to employee relation and personnel management by industry experts. Whenever such terms are described, people take it as an image of efficient managers who works for bringing effectiveness in work for organisations. HRM can be defined as a process in which people are managed in organisations to perform work in structured and well built manner(CANIA, 2014). HRM performs tasks in many fields that are related to each other like staffing, payroll setting, retention of employees, performance management and change management(Bianca, 2017). While the work is performed, HR managers take care of companys activities and objectives. The role of HRM encompasses management of humans from a macro perspective way in organisation and manages people by building relation between employees and managers. Some MNCs and big companies call HRM as people managers and people enablers who practice people management. The actual role of HR managers are not limited to ma nage people only but to ensure fulfilment of employee and realisation of organisational objectives(Management Study Guide, 2017). The HRM function is taken as a critical factor in organisations as they support managerial functions and adhere to organisational procedures and policies. For example, HR department in companies perform jobs relating people that combine various elements for enhancing work efficiency. The jobs that are mostly performed by HR professionals are mentoring employees, providing support at the time of appraisals; training, hiring, grading and making pay structures(Human Resource Excellence, 2017). There are people who have misconceptions about HRM who think that HR managers are required only during the time of employees complaints or at the time of appraisals. But the actual function of HR managers has emerged as a chief function in which HR professionals are cynical and proactive in nature. That means at the time when the need for crisis management is predicted, HR managers are anticipated to take actions immediately instead of waiting for crisis to take place and resolve only after effect of it is recognised. Therefore by considering issues in impulsive stage, the HRM retains work efficiency in organisations. Earlier factories and workplaces observed lockouts and strikes in their manufacturing and services sectors as not much evolvement of HR practices were given importance in day to day work practices. With the evolvement of HR practices and HR theories, the professionals have become cultured and transformed themselves from thoughtless mode to positive mode. By understanding the grievances and feedback of staffs, the HRMs focuses on preventing crisis taking place in both internal and external related work function of organisation. This element of HR, which has increased in recent times, shows the increase in amount of effectiveness in work culture among people(Itika, 2011). Strategic human resource management aligns business strategies with HR practices in order to achieve organisational goals. The objective behind HRM professionals is to confirm that HR strategies meet all the objectives behind its formation and acquire the core objective i.e. bringing work efficiency in employees(CANIA, 2014). In order to retain such quality various theories are been inculcated in HRM so that their work is carried in more systematic manner. One of the most recognised theories in HRM is General systems theory that consists of basic organisations function i.e. interacting with internal and external environment. No organisation can stay alive without making interaction as they provide with inputs and outputs at the time of progression. Customers generally gives feedback after using products or services and thus organisations can make corrections on the part where negative feedback is obtained. The general systems theory helps management understanding the components of or ganisations systems and other departments like accounting, marketing, staffing, etc. For any organisation to develop in growth oriented way they have to remain competitive and each department shall support each other. For example, in organisation if recruitment department makes error, it can affect whole companys performance as wrong people will get accommodated at wrong positions. In the same way if HRM are not contacted at processing stage or is not utilised in effective manner, the quality of production and service decrease which reflects through feedback mechanisms(Ibrahim, 2014). With growing IT and service sectors, HRM is been recognised as a foundation of competitive advantage in organisations(Human Resource Management as Competetive Advantage). It must be considered in the same manner in which technology and capital is treated. Since HRM contribute towards organisational objectives and promotes basic business functions, it cannot be overseen by firms. As they are specialist in managing people, the organisations depends highly on HRM teams to foster managing feature in their function. If real world examples are taken into account, it can be seen that organisations are dedicating their people managers function solely to strategic human resource departments who enables the maximum utilisation of available resources(IGWE, 2014). Contingency theory in HRM was introduced by Evans Martin that states that in order to adopt specific strategy for gaining maximum gains, managers has to stipulate their knowledge since organisations has to operate in complex environmen ts and risks. According to Martin no one theory can prove to be the best for managing people in organisation(Anzalone, 2017). The strategies adopted by corporate depends on other environmental factors and policies which are closely studied and undertaken by HR professionals to make ultimate strategies for each function. HR professional on the other hand needs to possess qualities like supportive, directive, participative and goal achieving. This theory helps HR managers to determine their participating style and the amount of components required to fit in each function. To increase effectiveness, HR professionals motivate and boost the morale of employees while suggesting organisations about methods for improving work culture. While the work efficiency is increased, the result can be seen from employees satisfaction and then the goal of the company is also seemed to be achieved. The HRM teams are thus selected by organisations so that that could guide the present and recruit desired people for better tomorrow(Karunaratne, 2016). Modern HRM practices align organisations goals with HR strategies for making sure that there is a direct relation between management objectives and employee policy. It can also be said that HRM departments are nowadays not treated as adjuncts only but instead taken as a vital part for ensuring success in organisation(Sims). With the help of theories and models, HR professionals have evolved from the times when managers were responsible only for setting labour and staff problems along with taking care of pay systems only. Todays HRs have learned to deal with disputes such as requirements of regulations those are different from each other across the world depending on their location. Managing dispersed workforce is been the primary concern of HRM and to interface the intersections among localization and globalisation. This means that local or merging modes of involvement and norms and taken considerably by HR teams and processed according to the primary rules of organisation. Thus the role of HRM shall be integrated with the strategic formulation so that effectiveness is seen for long term in organisation. While the people are managed by reinvesting in them through training and nurturing, the overall work efficiency is ensured. If the HRM is designed in a sort out and critical manner, the firms tends to utilise people completely and with it the obstructions behind success is eliminated(Bradley, 2017). The basic tools required while managing a HR team are staffing, training and maintaining work performance with which managements give shape to function of organisations activity and satisfy the necessities of stakeholders. Stakeholders are the ones who satisfy their needs from organisations. Stakeholders related to firm can be in the form of employees, customers, owners, government and masses. While customers demand for good quality service and product, government will demand companies to adhere to regulations and countrys laws. Owners or shareholders will always demand for high returns while employees will always prefer to work under favourable work conditions. Whatever the case may be, the ultimate goal behind building a HR team is bring co ordination between all the fundamentals and get effective results through organisations elements(Carthy, 2015). This combining is possible only if professionals follow developed communication process within and with outside people and to bring t eamwork in organisation, HRM is always anticipated. The enhanced relationship those are created between people eliminates obstruction between organisational goal and a constructive environment is built in workplace. In HRM theories, HR managers follow the 5Ps model mostly that enhances their work quality. According to the authors of the model, Milded golden, Chris J. White and Leslie, this model enables five elements in structure of organisation which are the core of any business(Nunes, 2016). The elements described in the model are principal, purpose, people, process and performance. The principle component is taken into consideration for implementing basic guidelines and ethics required to maintain at the workplace as well as with outside people. Purpose determines vision and mission of the company along with stating ultimate target behind formation of the company. People element deals with the employees who work for the company to achieve objectives and goals for it after following procedures and guidelines laid by the management. Process function represents the structure of the management and reveals the processes through which the product or service of the company is formed. After consideri ng other four elements, performance factor is enabled in which the result of 5Ps model implementation is verified. The verification process can be completed by making metrics or graphs which helps the managers to decide upon the areas that require more concentration. The structured process of this model is the reason why it is used most commonly by the HRM of organisations. A proficient HR manager does not summarises the needs of the company only but makes effort in enhancing work efficiency by installing effective procedures and healthy work environment. Conclusion In the above essay various theories have been discussed those are utilised by HR professional in todays management systems. The HRM are taken as a vital component in organisations rather than treating them as mediators only. Organisations needs to take utmost care while deciding upon their HR managers as all the critical function are performed by them. A sound management system will always reflect and show its effectiveness through companys improvement and HRM can be accredited for it as they are the ones who help in making formation of strategy for administrations of organisations(Shafer, 1998). Task performed by HRs are often taken as consultation process and thus they are also considered as organisational consultants and advisories that are approached whenever any new strategy is required or any issue is observed. The placement and payroll setting procedure carried by HR professionals makes employees depend much on them which is why they consult the HR teams during the times of pr oblem rather than approaching to head of the companies. The role of HR managers enables them to make placements of employees which are done by them in effective manner as they specialise in making judgements about their expertise and knowledge of people(Mote, 2017). Thus companies rely greatly on HRM so that placing right people at right place is enabled and without human intrusion, work efficiency is increased. The process of designating tasks to people are made by HR professionals after considering employees interests and thus employees feel motivated to work competently. It also brings motivation in them to work more in order to surpass others. The effectiveness in administrative centre is observed if the employees or people are satisfied with the organisations environment and to confirm satisfaction, HRM is expected to take actions(CANIA, 2014). Therefore is can be rightfully said that HRM contributes completely for bringing efficiency and effectiveness in organisations. References Anzalone, C. (2017). Structural Contingency Theory in Human Resources. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/structural-contingency-theory-human-resources-38519.html Bianca, A. (2017). The Role of Human Resource Management in Organizations. 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Retrieved from https://he.kendallhunt.com/sites/default/files/uploadedFiles/Kendall_Hunt/Content/Higher_Education/Uploads/Kleiman_6e_Chapter1.pdf Ibrahim, M. A. (2014). HRM PRACTICES AND EMPLOYEE COMPETENCE: A GENERAL SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/12107986/HRM_PRACTICES_AND_EMPLOYEE_COMPETENCE_A_GENERAL_SYSTEM_PERSPECTIVE IGWE, J. U. (2014). Effective Human Resource Management As Tool For Organizational Success. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/9978194/Effective_Human_Resource_Management_As_Tool_For_Organizational_Success Itika, J. S. (2011). Fundamentals of human resource management . Retrieved from https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/22381/ASC-075287668-3030-01.pdf Karunaratne, V. (2016). The Human Resources Management Practices -Models and Theories. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/human-resources-management-practices-models-theories-karunaratne Management Study Guide. (2017). 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